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Euclid's lemma — If a prime p divides the product ab of two integers a and b, then p must divide at least one of those integers a or b. For example, if p = 19 , a = 133 , b = 143 , then ab = 133 × 143 = 19019 , and since this is divisible by 19, the lemma implies that one or both of 133 or 143 must be as well.
In arithmetic, Euclidean division – or division with remainder – is the process of dividing one integer (the dividend) by another (the divisor), in a way that produces an integer quotient and a natural number remainder strictly smaller than the absolute value of the divisor. A fundamental property is that the quotient and the remainder ...
Euclid's algorithm is widely used in practice, especially for small numbers, due to its simplicity. [118] For comparison, the efficiency of alternatives to Euclid's algorithm may be determined. One inefficient approach to finding the GCD of two natural numbers a and b is to calculate all their common divisors; the GCD is then the largest common ...
Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage; the multiples then become the digits of the quotient, and the final difference is then the remainder.
from the formula for the tangent of the difference of angles. Using s instead of r in the above formulas will give the same primitive Pythagorean triple but with a and b swapped. Note that r and s can be reconstructed from a, b, and c using r = a / (b + c) and s = b / (a + c).
Polynomial long division can be used to find the equation of the line that is tangent to the graph of the function defined by the polynomial P(x) at a particular point x = r. [3] If R ( x ) is the remainder of the division of P ( x ) by ( x – r ) 2 , then the equation of the tangent line at x = r to the graph of the function y = P ( x ) is y ...
Extended Euclidean algorithm, a method for solving the Diophantine equation ax + by = d where d is the greatest common divisor of a and b; Euclid's lemma: if a prime number divides a product of two numbers, then it divides at least one of those two numbers
A plot of triples generated by Euclid's formula maps out part of the z 2 = x 2 + y 2 cone. A constant m or n traces out part of a parabola on the cone. Euclid's formula [3] is a fundamental formula for generating Pythagorean triples given an arbitrary pair of integers m and n with m > n > 0. The formula states that the integers