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The Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol is used in UMTS, LTE and 5G on the Air interface. It is a layer 3 (Network Layer) protocol used between UE and Base Station. This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 25.331 [2] for UMTS, in TS 36.331 [3] for LTE and in TS 38.331 [4] for 5G New Radio. RRC messages are transported via the PDCP-Protocol.
Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target.
Later 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers. This ensures it can be applied to wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV technologies.
From the latest published version (Rel. 18) of the respective 3GPP technical standard (TS 38.101), [5] the following tables list the specified frequency bands and the channel bandwidths of the 5G NR standard. Note that the NR bands are defined with prefix of "n". When the NR band is overlapping with the 4G LTE band, they share the same band number.
BTS and Node B antenna mounted on the church tower, Sopot, Poland. Node B is the telecommunications node for mobile communication networks, namely those that adhere to the UMTS standard. The Node B provides the connection between mobile phones and the wider telephone network. UMTS is the dominating 3G standard.
5G is capable of delivering significantly faster data rates than 4G (5G is approximately 10 times faster than 4G), with peak data rates of up to 20 gigabits per second (Gbps). [27] Furthermore, average 5G download speeds have been recorded at 186.3 Mbit/s in the U.S. by T-Mobile , while South Korea , as of May 2022 [update] , leads globally ...
5G Broadcast (5GB), officially known as LTE-based 5G Terrestrial Broadcast, is a system for the distribution of television and other broadcast media content via terrestrial radio broadcast networks based on downlink-only LTE technology. [1] [2] 5G Broadcast focuses mainly on mobile use cases like smartphones and in-car radio.
5G NR (5G New Radio) [1] is a radio access technology (RAT) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project for the 5G (fifth generation) mobile network. [1] It was designed to be the global standard for the air interface of 5G networks. [ 2 ]