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A frog's ear drum works in very much the same way as does a human eardrum. It is a membrane that is stretched across a ring of cartilage like a snare drum that vibrates. Crossing the middle ear chamber there is an ossicle called the columella that is connected to the tympanum, and another ossicle, the operculum, that connects this to the oval ...
Frogs can hear both in the air and below water. They do not have external ears; the eardrums (tympanic membranes) are directly exposed or may be covered by a layer of skin and are visible as a circular area just behind the eye. The size and distance apart of the eardrums is related to the frequency and wavelength at which the frog calls.
This is adaptive in a region with multiple species competing for air time. Narins has found female frog species that use solid surfaces, such as blades of grass and logs, upon which they tap rhythmically to attract mates. Also, Feng, Narins and colleagues have found that some species of frogs use ultrasound.
Monotremes are the only mammals (apart from the Guiana dolphin) [50] known to have a sense of electroreception, and the platypus's electroreception is the most sensitive of any monotreme. [51] [49] Feeding by neither sight nor smell, [52] the platypus closes its eyes, ears, and nose when it dives. [53]
The columella resides in the air-filled tympanic cavity of the middle ear. The footplate, or proximal end of the columella, rests in the oval window. Sound is conducted through the oval window to the interior of the otic capsule. [2] This motion ultimately stimulates sensory cells in the inner ear. [3]
Male Rana temporaria calling in a garden pond in Jambes, Belgium. The common frog or grass frog (Rana temporaria), also known as the European common frog, European common brown frog, European grass frog, European Holarctic true frog, European pond frog or European brown frog, is a semi-aquatic amphibian of the family Ranidae, found throughout much of Europe as far north as Scandinavia and as ...
Amniotes are distinguished from the other living tetrapod clade — the non-amniote lissamphibians (frogs/toads, salamanders/newts and caecilians) — by the development of three extraembryonic membranes (amnion for embryonic protection, chorion for gas exchange, and allantois for metabolic waste disposal or storage), thicker and keratinized ...
Air vibrations could not set up pulsations through the skull as in a proper auditory organ. The spiracle was retained as the otic notch , eventually closed in by the tympanum , a thin, tight membrane of connective tissue also called the eardrum (however this and the otic notch were lost in the ancestral amniotes , and later eardrums were ...