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When a node is initialized, its rank is set to zero. To merge trees with roots x and y, first compare their ranks. If the ranks are different, then the larger rank tree becomes the parent, and the ranks of x and y do not change. If the ranks are the same, then either one can become the parent, but the new parent's rank is incremented by one.
Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.
Merge these n arrays with the k-way merge algorithm. The resulting array is sorted and the algorithm has a running time in O ( n f( n )). This is a contradiction to the well-known result that no comparison-based sorting algorithm with a worst case running time below O ( n log n ) exists.
In the merge sort algorithm, this subroutine is typically used to merge two sub-arrays A[lo..mid], A[mid+1..hi] of a single array A. This can be done by copying the sub-arrays into a temporary array, then applying the merge algorithm above. [1] The allocation of a temporary array can be avoided, but at the expense of speed and programming ease.
The NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures [1] is a reference work maintained by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.It defines a large number of terms relating to algorithms and data structures.
Batcher's odd–even mergesort [1] is a generic construction devised by Ken Batcher for sorting networks of size O(n (log n) 2) and depth O((log n) 2), where n is the number of items to be sorted.
The divide-and-conquer technique is the basis of efficient algorithms for many problems, such as sorting (e.g., quicksort, merge sort), multiplying large numbers (e.g., the Karatsuba algorithm), finding the closest pair of points, syntactic analysis (e.g., top-down parsers), and computing the discrete Fourier transform . [1]
A simple alternative to the above algorithm uses chain decompositions, which are special ear decompositions depending on DFS-trees. [3] Chain decompositions can be computed in linear time by this traversing rule. Let C be a chain decomposition of G. Then G is 2-vertex-connected if and only if G has minimum degree 2 and C 1 is the only cycle in C.