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The 1860 United States census was the eighth census conducted in the United States starting June 1, 1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 [ 1 ] in 33 states and 10 organized territories.
The main prewar agricultural products of the Confederate States were cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, with hogs, cattle, grain and vegetable plots. Pre-war agricultural production estimated for the Southern states is as follows (Union states in parentheses for comparison): 1.7 million horses (3.4 million), 800,000 mules (100,000), 2.7 million dairy cows (5 million), 5 million sheep (14 million ...
By 1860 the rural population had exploded to 25 million but urban had grown faster to 6 million, or 20% urban. Many non farmers lived in villages and small towns classified as "rural." The population in 1890 reached 63 million people, thanks to high birth rates and high immigration from Europe.
In 1860, the nearby town of Albion had a population of 115 people, while Polk had 116. Shortly after, the railroad came through the outskirts of Polk, which boosted the town a bit.
As the United States has grown in area and population, new states have been formed out of U.S. territories or the division of existing states. The population figures provided here reflect modern state boundaries. Shaded areas of the tables indicate census years when a territory or the part of another state had not yet been admitted as a new state.
Soil Exhaustion as a Factor in the Agricultural History of Virginia and Maryland, 1606–1860 (1925) Cronon, William. Changes in the Land, Revised Edition: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (2nd ed. 2003), excerpt and text search; Cunfer, Geoff. On the Great Plains: Agriculture and Environment. (2005). 240 pp.
The 1860s were a period of growing protectionism in the United States, while the European free trade phase lasted from 1860 to 1892. The tariff average rate on imports of manufactured goods in 1875 was from 40% to 50% in the United States, against 9% to 12% in continental Europe at the height of free trade.
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