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The slit-grooved distinction of the channel shape of front fricatives may be handled with these diacritics, with for example s̪ z̪ for grooved (sibilant) dental fricatives, and θ͇ ð͇ for ungrooved (non-sibilant) aveolar fricatives. This is a common topic in speech pathology, though s̪ z̪ occur in non-pathological speech in some languages.
The voiced alveolar sibilant is common across European languages, but is relatively uncommon cross-linguistically compared to the voiceless variant. Only about 28% of the world's languages contain a voiced dental or alveolar sibilant. Moreover, 85% of the languages with some form of [z] are languages of Europe, Africa, or Western Asia ...
The voiced postalveolar or palato-alveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The International Phonetic Association uses the term voiced postalveolar fricative only for the sound [ʒ], [1] but it also describes the voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences, as one is a sibilant and one is not.
The voiced dental fricative is a consonant sound used in some spoken languages.It is familiar to English-speakers as the th sound in father.Its symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is eth, or ð and was taken from the Old English and Icelandic letter eth, which could stand for either a voiced or unvoiced (inter)dental non-sibilant fricative.
Therefore, it can be described as a segment whose only consistent feature is its breathy voice phonation in such languages. [1] It may have real glottal constriction in a number of languages (such as Finnish [2]), making it a fricative. Northern Wu languages such as Shanghainese contrast the voiced and voiceless glottal fricatives. [3]
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation. It is an oral consonant , which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only. It is a central consonant , which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
The voiced alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiced dental , alveolar , and postalveolar lateral fricatives is ɮ (sometimes referred to as lezh ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K\ .
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation. It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only. Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.