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(A) Cement; 1. Specification for 33,43,53 Grade ordinary Portland cement IS 269 - 2015 2. Specification for Rapid hardening Portland cement IS 8041 - 1990 3. Specification for Portland Pozzolona cement IS 1489 (part 1&2) 1991 4. Methods of physical test for hydraulic cement IS 4031 - 1988 5. Method of chemical analysis of hydraulic cement IS ...
A reduction of 40 percent of Portland cement in the concrete mix is usually feasible when replaced with a combination of pozzolanic materials. Pozzolans can be used to control setting, increase durability, reduce cost and reduce pollution without significantly reducing the final compressive strength or other performance characteristics.
The resulting hard substance, called 'clinker', is then ground with a small amount of gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) into a powder to make ordinary Portland cement, the most commonly used type of cement (often referred to as OPC). Portland cement is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, and most non-specialty grout. The most common use for Portland ...
Compared to using Portland cement, the resulting concrete-mix using EMC does not require a higher "total cementitious content" to meet strength-development requirements. In testing by BASF, the 28-day strength-development for 55% replacement of Portland cement by a natural pozzolanic EMC was 14,000 psi / 96.5 MPa (i.e. > C95). This comprised a ...
It requires a much lower content in colored impurities in the raw materials (essentially limestone and clay) used to produce clinker: low levels of Cr 2 O 3, Mn 2 O 3, and Fe 2 O 3), but above all, a higher temperature is needed for the final sintering step in the cement kiln (1600 to 1700 °C in place of 1450 °C for ordinary Portland cement ...
In past decades attempts to protect concrete have included sealers ranging from wax to linseed oil. Today, high quality concrete sealers can block up to 99% of surface moisture. There are two main sealer categories: topical sealers (coatings) and penetrating sealers (reactive).
Learn about the differences between the cement and concrete including what they're used for, what they cost, which is more durable, and what they're made of.
Pozzolana from Mount Vesuvius volcano, Italy. Pozzolana or pozzuolana (/ ˌ p ɒ t s (w) ə ˈ l ɑː n ə / POT-s(w)ə-LAH-nə, Italian: [potts(w)oˈlaːna]), also known as pozzolanic ash (Latin: pulvis puteolanus), is a natural siliceous or siliceous-aluminous material which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction).
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