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  2. Contronym - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contronym

    Negative words such as bad [9] and sick sometimes acquire ironic senses by antiphrasis [10] referring to traits that are impressive and admired, if not necessarily positive (that outfit is bad as hell; lyrics full of sick burns). Some contronyms result from differences in varieties of English.

  3. Extinction (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_(psychology)

    Extinction can increase these variations significantly as the subject attempts to acquire the reinforcement that previous behaviors produced. If a person attempts to open a door by turning the knob, but is unsuccessful, they may next try jiggling the knob, pushing on the frame, knocking on the door or other behaviors to get the door to open.

  4. Altruism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruism

    Some of the proposed mechanisms are: Kin selection. [12] That animals and humans are more altruistic towards close kin than to distant kin and non-kin has been confirmed in numerous studies across many different cultures. Even subtle cues indicating kinship may unconsciously increase altruistic behavior. One kinship cue is facial resemblance.

  5. Opposite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite

    Opposition is a semantic relation in which one word has a sense or meaning that negates or, in terms of a scale, is distant from a related word. Some words lack a lexical opposite due to an accidental gap in the language's lexicon. For instance, while the word "devout" has no direct opposite, it is easy to conceptualize a scale of devoutness ...

  6. Behavior modification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_modification

    Behavior modification is a treatment approach that uses respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior. Based on methodological behaviorism, [1] overt behavior is modified with (antecedent) stimulus control and consequences, including positive and negative reinforcement contingencies to increase desirable behavior, as well as positive and negative punishment, and extinction to reduce ...

  7. Undoing (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undoing_(psychology)

    Undoing is a defense mechanism in which a person tries to cancel out or remove an unhealthy, destructive or otherwise threatening thought or action by engaging in contrary behavior. For example, after thinking about being violent with someone, one would then be overly nice or accommodating to them.

  8. What does the slang word 'mid' really mean? - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/does-slang-word-mid-really...

    "Meaning weed that’s not quite top shelf, but not bottom of the barrel either," she wrote. "Perfectly fine in a pinch, mid-grade weed is neutral-positive as it gets the job done for cannabis ...

  9. Bad habit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_habit

    A key factor in distinguishing a bad habit from an addiction or mental disease is the element of willpower. If a person still seems to have control over the behavior then it is just a habit . [ 7 ] Good intentions are able to override the negative effect of bad habits but their effect seems to be independent and additive — the bad habits ...