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Effleurage, a French word meaning 'to skim' or 'to touch lightly on', is a series of massage strokes used in Swedish massage to warm up the muscle before deep tissue work using petrissage. [1] [2] This is a soothing, stroking movement used at the beginning and the end of the facial and/or body massage.
The term "Swedish massage" is actually only recognized in English- and Dutch-speaking countries, and in Hungary and Israel. Elsewhere the style is referred to as "classic massage". Clinical studies have found that Swedish massage can reduce chronic pain, fatigue, [94] [95] joint stiffness and improve function in patients with osteoarthritis of ...
The Swedish massage techniques effleurage (long, gliding strokes), petrissage (lifting and kneading the muscles), friction (firm, deep, circular rubbing movements), tapotement (brisk tapping or percussive movements), and vibration (rapidly shaking or vibrating specific muscles) are largely credited to Johann Georg Mezger (1838–1909).
Tapotement is a specific technique used in Swedish massage. [1] A French term , it refers to a rhythmic percussion , most frequently administered with the edge of the hand, a cupped hand, or the tips of the fingers.
In 1860, Taylor authored the book An Exposition of the Swedish Movement-Cure. [1] His book Diseases of Women was the first book to recommend massage for gynaecological problems. [1] Taylor designed exercise and mechanical massage equipment. [1] He invented mechanical massage apparatus to expand the chest and lift the contents of the pelvis. [5]
Another Cochrane Collaboration review found that massage provided some long-term benefit for low back pain, and stated: "It seems that acupressure or pressure point massage techniques provide more relief than classic (Swedish) massage, although more research is needed to confirm this." [8]
Petrissage (French, from pétrir 'to knead') is a massage technique that applies deep pressure to the underlying muscles. Kneading, wringing, skin rolling, and pick-up-and-squeeze are the petrissage movements. [1] [2] They are all performed with the padded palmar surface of the hand, the surface of the finger and also the thumbs.
Examples include massage, acupuncture, the Feldenkrais Method, myotherapy, reflexology and self-regulation. [medical citation needed] Some relaxation methods can also be used during other activities, for example, autosuggestion and prayer.
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