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The troposphere on Venus contains 99% of the atmosphere by mass. 90% of the atmosphere of Venus is within 28 km (17.5 mi) of the surface; by comparison, 90% of the atmosphere of Earth is within 16 km (10 mi) of the surface. At a height of 50 km (31 mi) the atmospheric pressure is approximately equal to that at the surface of Earth. [34]
The episode also examines the planet Venus to inspect the runaway greenhouse effect. [2] The episode's title alludes to H. G. Wells ' novel published in 1914, The World Set Free , where Wells predicts that humanity will develop destructive nuclear weapons , perpetuating a devastating global war and forcing the world to come to its senses to ...
Prior to the early 1960s, the atmosphere of Venus was believed by many astronomers to have an Earth-like temperature. When Venus was understood to have a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere with a consequence of a very large greenhouse effect, [6] some scientists began to contemplate the idea of altering the atmosphere to make the surface more ...
The planet Venus experienced a runaway greenhouse effect, resulting in an atmosphere which is 96% carbon dioxide, and a surface atmospheric pressure roughly the same as found 900 m (3,000 ft) underwater on Earth. Venus may have had water oceans, but they would have boiled off as the mean surface temperature rose to the current 735 K (462 °C ...
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Although there is little possibility of existing life near the surface of Venus, the altitudes about 50 km (31 mi) above the surface have a mild temperature, and hence there are still some opinions in favor of such a possibility in the atmosphere of Venus. [35] [36] The idea was first brought forward by German physicist Heinz Haber in 1950. [37]
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Venus' oceans may have boiled away in a runaway greenhouse effect. A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and water vapor likely occurred on Venus. [22] In this scenario, early Venus may have had a global ocean if the outgoing thermal radiation was below the Simpson–Nakajima limit but above the moist greenhouse limit. [2]