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The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, [5] is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices and includes approximately 80% of the total market capitalization of U.S. public companies, with an ...
S&P Dow Jones Indices updates the components of the S&P 500 periodically, typically in response to acquisitions, or to keep the index up to date as various companies grow or shrink in value. [3] Between January 1, 1963, and December 31, 2014, 1,186 index components were replaced by other components.
The upper cluster has two roughly parallel curvy plots using S&P 500 Monthly $ MAXIMUM values for the upper line and $ MINIMUM values for the lower line 1/1950 to latest on chart. The upper cluster has Best Fit Upper, and Best Fit Lower, 2 straight lines which in effect represent one line with thickness, or separation, value see chart legend.
In March 1957 the index was expanded to its current 500-stock structure and renamed the S&P 500 Stock Composite Index. Subsequently, closing beyond 50 for the first time in September 1958, the continued post-World War II boom in the United States would see the index nearly double to a closing price of 94.06 on February 9, 1966.
While the S&P 500 was first introduced in 1923, it wasn't until 1957 when the stock market index was formally recognized, thus some of the following records may not be known by sources. [ 1 ] Largest daily percentage gains [ 2 ]
According to economist Robert J. Shiller, real earnings per share grew at a 3.5% annualized rate over 150 years. [2] Since 1980, the most bullish period in U.S. stock market history, real earnings growth according to Shiller, has been 2.6%. The table below gives recent values of earnings growth for S&P 500.
The cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings ratio, commonly known as CAPE, [1] Shiller P/E, or P/E 10 ratio, [2] is a stock valuation measure usually applied to the US S&P 500 equity market. It is defined as price divided by the average of ten years of earnings ( moving average ), adjusted for inflation. [ 3 ]
Robert Shiller's plot of the S&P composite real price–earnings ratio and interest rates (1871–2012), from Irrational Exuberance, 2d ed. [1] In the preface to this edition, Shiller warns that "the stock market has not come down to historical levels: the price–earnings ratio as I define it in this book is still, at this writing [2005], in the mid-20s, far higher than the historical average