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While not an ISO-recognized standard, MPEG-2.5 is widely supported by both inexpensive Chinese and brand-name digital audio players as well as computer software-based MP3 encoders , decoders (FFmpeg) and players (MPC) adding 3 × 8 = 24 additional MP3 frame types. Each generation of MP3 thus supports 3 sampling rates exactly half that of the ...
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model. This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family. Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
[3] The model partitions the flow of data in a communication system into seven abstraction layers to describe networked communication from the physical implementation of transmitting bits across a communications medium to the highest-level representation of data of a distributed application. Each intermediate layer serves a class of ...
1 + 1 ⁄ 3, 2 + 2 ⁄ 3 and 5 + 1 ⁄ 3 ms 96 kHz Dante: 2006 Any IP medium Isochronous Coexists with other traffic using DiffServ QoS Proprietary Control Protocol based on IP, Bonjour: Any L2 or single IP subnet Provided by IEEE 802.1 and redundant link Cat5=100 m, MM=2 km, SM=70 km Dependent on latency Unlimited 84 μs or greater [h] 192 kHz ...
A lossless audio coding format reduces the total data needed to represent a sound but can be de-coded to its original, uncompressed form. A lossy audio coding format additionally reduces the bit resolution of the sound on top of compression, which results in far less data at the cost of irretrievably lost information.
Link and other layers IEEE 802.1x: NAS: Network-attached storage Hardware / Storage Computer data storage: NAT: Network Address Translation Internet Layer Cisco Internet Protocol Journal: A look Inside Network Address Translators: NBMA: Non-Broadcast Multiple Access (e.g. Frame Relay ATM) Telecom See ATM, Frame Relay and X.25, for examples. NIC ...
The Message Transfer Part (MTP) covers a portion of the functions of the OSI network layer including: network interface, information transfer, message handling and routing to the higher levels. Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) is at functional Level 4. Together with MTP Level 3 it is called the Network Service Part (NSP).
Managing communication sessions, i.e., continuous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions between two nodes 4 Transport: Segment, Datagram: Reliable transmission of data segments between points on a network, including segmentation, acknowledgement and multiplexing: Media layers 3 Network: Packet