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The full original name of the organization appeared in April 1931 as the Ustaša – Hrvatska revolucionarna organizacija or UHRO (Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Organization). In 1933 it was renamed the Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret (Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement), a name it kept until World War II. [ 24 ]
The Chetniks, [a] formally the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, and also the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland [b] and informally colloquially the Ravna Gora Movement, was a Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationalist movement and guerrilla force [2] [3] [4] in Axis-occupied Yugoslavia.
Serb civilians killed by Chetniks at Vranić under suspicion of harbouring and/or supporting the Partisans [216] Kopljare massacre: 25 December 1943 Kopljare: 22 Chetniks: 19 Romani and 3 Serbs were killed by Chetniks of Nikola Kalabić in the night of 25 December and all Romani houses as well as two houses of villagers were razed. [217]
The objectives of the rival resistance movement, the Chetniks, were the retention of the Yugoslav monarchy, ensuring the safety of ethnic Serb populations, [20] [21] and the establishment of a Greater Serbia [22] through the ethnic cleansing of non-Serbs from territories they considered rightfully and historically Serbian.
The Chetniks, a Yugoslav royalist and Serbian nationalist movement and guerrilla force, committed numerous war crimes during the Second World War, primarily directed against the non-Serb population of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, mainly Muslims and Croats, and against Communist-led Yugoslav Partisans and their supporters.
In the second half of 1942, its units numbered 42,000. [21] After the capitulation of Italy in September 1943, the Ustaše militia was reorganized. By late 1943, it grew in size to around 55,000 soldiers, organized into nine brigades, three regiments, 48 battalions, and several independent units. [ 22 ]
There were about 950 Chetniks serving under Drenović that year, positioned around Manjača and Glamoč. [37] Drenović had about 400 Chetniks under his command by the following year. [38] Drenović was a Chetnik vojvoda (warlord), [39] and his Chetnik band was the only one that the Ustaše trusted fully during the war. [38]
In the second half of 1942, the Wehrmacht Commander-in-Chief of the South East, Generaloberst Alexander Löhr and Glaise urged Hitler to have Pavelić remove both the incompetent Slavko Kvaternik and his son the bloodthirsty Eugen "Dido" Kvaternik from power. When Pavelić visited Hitler in Ukraine in September 1942, he agreed.