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[10] [11] [12] Europe has a rich Christian culture, especially as numerous saints and martyrs and almost all the popes were European themselves. All of the Roman Catholic popes from 741 to 2013 were from Europe. [13] Europe brought together many of the Christian holy sites and heritage and religious centers. [14]
Map of the Roman Empire with the distribution of Christian congregations of the first three centuries AD. The growth of Early Christianity from its obscure origin c. AD 40, with fewer than 1,000 followers, to being the majority religion of the entire Roman Empire by AD 400, has been examined through a wide variety of historiographical approaches.
Christianity has been intricately intertwined with the history and formation of Western society.Throughout its long history, the Church has been a major source of social services like schooling and medical care; an inspiration for art, culture and philosophy; and an influential player in politics and religion.
The degree to which the variation departs from the mainline version first presented to them, is a re-invention, and it can occur frequently in a variety of ways. [134] Such re-inventions can begin to diffuse separately from the original innovation. [135] Whether this is "good" or "bad" depends upon point-of-view.
Christianity had a more subtle effect, reaching far beyond the converted population to potential modernizers. The introduction of European medicine was especially important, as well as the introduction of European political practices and ideals such as religious liberty, mass education, mass printing, newspapers, voluntary organizations ...
1054 – Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Georgia, Alania, Bulgaria, Serbs, and Rus' are Orthodox Catholics with East-West Schism while Western Europe becomes Roman Catholic; 1096 – Maronites return from Monothelite to Catholic [14] [15] c. 1100 – Circassia (most of the country would remain pagan in spite of Georgian expansion into the region)
Geographic map of Balkan Peninsula Southeastern Europe Late Ninth Century Official Christianization began in 864/5 under Khan Boris I (852– 889). [ 277 ] Boris I determined that imposing Christianity was the answer to internal peace and external security. [ 278 ]
The era of politically absolutist states followed the breakdown of Christian universalism in Europe. [438] Abuses from absolutist Catholic kings gave rise to a virulent critique of Christianity that first emerged among the more extreme Protestant reformers in the 1680s as an aspect of the Age of Enlightenment.