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Approximately 50% of cases are due to biliary causes such as remaining stone, biliary injury, dysmotility and choledococyst. The remaining 50% are due to non-biliary causes. This is because upper abdominal pain and gallstones are both common but are not always related.
Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common cause being gallstones (cholelithiasis). [1] [2]The gallbladder is designed to aid in the digestion of fats by concentrating and storing the bile made in the liver and transferring it through the biliary tract to the digestive system through bile ducts that connect the ...
Patients with cholelithiasis typically present with pain in the right-upper quadrant of the abdomen with the associated symptoms of nausea and vomiting, especially after a fatty meal. The physician can confirm the diagnosis of cholelithiasis with an abdominal ultrasound that shows the ultrasonic shadows of the stones in the gallbladder.
Courvoisier's sign occurs due to the gradual (chronic) nature of the obstruction caused by cancer (e.g. pancreatic, often located in pancreatic head, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.), which gradually causes biliary back-pressure and gradually distends the gallbladder over time, without causing acute damage, thus without causing pain. Conversely ...
From left to right: cholesterol stone, mixed stone, pigment stone. The composition of gallstones is affected by age, diet and ethnicity. [37] On the basis of their composition, gallstones can be divided into the following types: cholesterol stones, pigment stones, and mixed stones. [3] An ideal classification system is yet to be defined. [38]
Biliary colic, also known as symptomatic cholelithiasis, a gallbladder attack or gallstone attack, is when a colic (sudden pain) occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the cystic duct. [1] Typically, the pain is in the right upper part of the abdomen, and can be severe. [2] Pain usually lasts from 15 minutes to a few hours. [1]
Biliary microlithiasis refers to the creation of small gallstones less than 3 mm in diameter in the biliary duct or gallbladder. It has been suggested [1] as a cause of postcholecystectomy syndrome, or PCS, the symptoms of which include: Upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting. Gas, bloating, and diarrhea. Persistent pain in the upper right abdomen ...
Chronic cholecystitis occurs after repeated episodes of acute cholecystitis and is almost always due to gallstones. [13] Chronic cholecystitis may be asymptomatic, may present as a more severe case of acute cholecystitis, or may lead to a number of complications such as gangrene, perforation, or fistula formation. [13] [14] Xanthogranulomatous ...