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There are three types of government systems in European politics: in a presidential system, the president is the head of state and the head of government; in a semi-presidential system, the president and the prime minister share a number of competences; finally, in a parliamentary republic, the president is a ceremonial figurehead who has few political competences.
The commissioners do not represent their member state, but instead work collectively in the interests of all the member states within the EU. In the 1950s, six core states founded the EU's predecessor European Communities ( Belgium , France , Italy , Luxembourg , the Netherlands , and West Germany ).
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [9] [10] [11] The union has a total area of 4,233,255 km 2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million.
Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are elected by the population of the member states of the European Union (EU). The European Electoral Act 2002 allows member states the choice to allocate electoral subdivisions or constituencies ( French : circonscriptions électorales ; German : Wahlkreise ; Italian : circoscrizioni elettorali ...
The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political.Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and four largely unrecognised de facto states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European ...
Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union. They include lists about politics, demographics and economics. They include lists about politics, demographics and economics.
Indirect election by National Assembly members and Regional, Departmental, and Municipal councils 1.65804598 Congress of the French Parliament: 925 Germany — [e] Bundestag: 739 4 5% [f] Mixed-member proportional representation (440 Sainte-Laguë / 299 First-past-the-post) Closed list: Bundesrat: 69 Same as the appointing state government N/A
The representative of each member state depends on its political system. A member of the European Council is usually the highest representative of the executive branch of government. Cyprus, France, Lithuania, and Romania have presidential or semi-presidential systems and are represented by their head of state (president).