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The head and neck are emptied of blood by the subclavian vein and jugular vein. Right side of neck dissection showing the brachiocephalic, right common carotid artery and its branches. The brachiocephalic artery or trunk is the first and largest artery that branches to form the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery.
In the head and neck, potential spaces are primarily defined by the complex attachment of muscles, especially mylohyoid, buccinator, masseter, medial pterygoid, superior constrictor and orbicularis oris. [6] Infections involving fascial spaces of the head and neck may give varying signs and symptoms depending upon the spaces involved.
The carotid sheath is a condensation of the deep cervical fascia [1]: 578 enveloping multiple vital neurovascular structures of the neck, [2] including the common and internal carotid arteries, the internal jugular vein, the vagus nerve (CN X), and ansa cervicalis. [1]: 578 [2] The carotid sheath helps protects the structures contained therein. [2]
The cranial region includes the upper part of the head while the; facial region includes the lower half of the head beginning below the ears. The forehead is referred to as the frontal region. The eyes are referred to as the orbital or ocular region. The cheeks are referred to as the buccal region. The ears are referred to as the auricle or ...
The facial artery arises in the carotid triangle from the external carotid artery, [1] [2] a little above the lingual artery, and sheltered by the ramus of the mandible.It passes obliquely up beneath the digastric and stylohyoid muscles, over which it arches to enter a groove on the posterior surface of the submandibular gland.
The submental space is a fascial space of the head and neck (sometimes also termed fascial spaces or tissue spaces). It is a potential space located between the mylohyoid muscle superiorly, the platysma muscle inferiorly, [1] under the chin in the midline.
Damage results in an inability to shrug the shoulders or raise the arm above the head, particularly due to compromised trapezius muscle innervation. The external jugular vein 's superficial location within the posterior triangle also makes it vulnerable to injury.
The triangles of the neck describe the divisions created by the major muscles in the region.. The side of the neck presents a somewhat quadrilateral outline, limited, above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and an imaginary line extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process; below, by the upper border of the clavicle; in front, by the middle line of the neck ...