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The Saturn family of American rockets was developed by a team of former German rocket engineers and scientists led by Wernher von Braun to launch heavy payloads to Earth orbit and beyond. The Saturn family used liquid hydrogen as fuel in the upper stages .
The Saturn I [a] was a rocket designed as the United States' first medium lift launch vehicle for up to 20,000-pound (9,100 kg) low Earth orbit payloads. [2] Its development was taken over from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in 1958 by the newly formed civilian NASA.
The sound of the launch was a disappointment for some witnesses, being described as like an Atlas rocket launch, when observers stood 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away instead of three miles (5 km) for a Saturn launch. It was later determined that the cause of the difference between the Cape and the Redstone Arsenal was atmospheric conditions damping the ...
The American Saturn MLV family of rockets was proposed in 1965 by NASA as successors to the Saturn V rocket. [64] It would have been able to carry up to 160,880 kg (354,680 lb) to low Earth orbit. The Nova designs were also studied by NASA before the agency chose the Saturn V in the early 1960s [65] Nova was cancelled in 1964 and had reusable ...
The Saturn IB [a] (also known as the uprated Saturn I) was an American launch vehicle commissioned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Apollo program. It uprated the Saturn I by replacing the S-IV second stage (90,000-pound-force (400,000 N), 43,380,000 lb-sec total impulse), with the S-IVB (200,000-pound-force ...
The C-5 was confirmed as NASA's choice for the Apollo program in early 1962, and was named the Saturn V. [31] [32] The C-1 became the Saturn I and C-1B became Saturn IB. [32] Von Braun headed a team at the MSFC to build a vehicle capable of launching a crewed spacecraft to the Moon. [ 33 ]
Saturn-Apollo 5 (SA-5) was the first launch of the Block II Saturn I rocket and was part of the Apollo program. In 1963, President Kennedy identified this launch as the one which would place US lift capability ahead of the Soviets, after being behind for more than six years since Sputnik .
Saturn-Apollo 4 (SA-4) was the fourth launch of a Saturn I launch vehicle and the last of the initial test phase of the first stage. It was part of the Apollo Program . Objectives