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This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
Physics – branch of science that studies matter [9] and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. [10] Physics is one of the "fundamental sciences" because the other natural sciences (like biology, geology etc.) deal with systems that seem to obey the laws of physics. According to physics, the ...
Another important event in the 19th century was the discovery of electromagnetic theory, unifying the previously separate phenomena of electricity, magnetism and light. The pillars of modern physics, and perhaps the most revolutionary theories in the history of physics, have been relativity theory and quantum mechanics.
1963 – Eugene P. Wigner lays the foundation for the theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics as well as for basic research into the structure of the atomic nucleus; makes important "contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry ...
His formula, at least approximately, matches the later model from Einstein's general relativity, but Gerber's theory was incorrect. 1902 – Henri Poincaré questions the concept of simultaneity in his book, Science and Hypothesis. [31] [32] 1904 – Hendrik Antoon Lorentz publishes the Lorentz transformations, [33] so named by Henri Poincaré ...
The two independent theories address the physical phenomena of light and matter. In 1905, Albert Einstein argued that the requirement of consistency between thermodynamics and electromagnetism [3] leads to the conclusion that light is quantized, obtaining the relation =. This paper is the dawn of quantum theory.
On the other hand, there are many interesting open questions, and in particular, the theory as a whole is almost certainly incomplete. [43] In contrast to all other modern theories of fundamental interactions, general relativity is a classical theory: it does not include the effects of quantum physics.
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.