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The solubility of a specific solute in a specific solvent is generally expressed as the concentration of a saturated solution of the two. [1] Any of the several ways of expressing concentration of solutions can be used, such as the mass, volume, or amount in moles of the solute for a specific mass, volume, or mole amount of the solvent or of the solution.
Solubility quantifies the dynamic equilibrium state achieved when the rate of dissolution equals the rate of precipitation. The consideration of the units makes the distinction clearer. The typical unit for dissolution rate is mol/s. The units for solubility express a concentration: mass per volume (mg/mL), molarity (mol/L), etc. [citation needed]
A solubility equilibrium exists when a chemical compound in the solid state is in chemical equilibrium with a solution containing the compound. This type of equilibrium is an example of dynamic equilibrium in that some individual molecules migrate between the solid and solution phases such that the rates of dissolution and precipitation are equal to one another.
Complete solubility occurs when the solvent and solute have the same valency. [2] A metal is more likely to dissolve a metal of higher valency, than vice versa. [1] [3] [4] The solute and solvent should have similar electronegativity.
(However, PE only dissolves at temperatures well above 100 °C.) Poly(styrene) has a solubility parameter of 9.1 cal 1/2 cm −3/2, and thus ethyl acetate is likely to be a good solvent. Nylon 6,6 has a solubility parameter of 13.7 cal 1/2 cm −3/2, and ethanol is likely to be the best solvent of those tabulated. However, the latter is polar ...
This is a list of unsolved problems in chemistry. Problems in chemistry are considered unsolved when an expert in the field considers it unsolved or when several experts in the field disagree about a solution to a problem.
Here, the green substance has a greater solubility in the lower layer than in the upper layer. The partition coefficient , abbreviated P , is defined as a particular ratio of the concentrations of a solute between the two solvents (a biphase of liquid phases), specifically for un- ionized solutes, and the logarithm of the ratio is thus log P .
K ow serves as a measure of the relationship between lipophilicity (fat solubility) and hydrophilicity (water solubility) of a substance. The value is greater than one if a substance is more soluble in fat-like solvents such as n-octanol, and less than one if it is more soluble in water. [citation needed]