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The first spacecraft to explore Jupiter was Pioneer 10, which flew past the planet in December 1973, followed by Pioneer 11 twelve months later. Pioneer 10 obtained the first close-up images of Jupiter and its Galilean moons; the spacecraft studied the planet's atmosphere, detected its magnetic field, observed its radiation belts and determined ...
The spacecraft recorded important heliophysics data in early August 1972 by registering a solar shock wave when it was at a distance of 2.2 AU (330 million km; 200 million mi). [38] On July 15, 1972, Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to enter the asteroid belt, [4] located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The project planners expected ...
The first spacecraft to visit an asteroid was Pioneer 10, which flew past an unnamed asteroid on 2 August 1972; a distant incidental encounter while the probe was en route to Jupiter. The first dedicated mission was NEAR Shoemaker , which was launched in February 1996, and entered orbit around 433 Eros in February 2000, having first flown past ...
Venera 1: 6 August 1961: First crewed space flight lasting over twenty four hours by Gherman Titov, who is also the first to suffer from space sickness. USSR Vostok 2: 7 March 1962: First orbital solar observatory. USA (NASA) OSO-1: 26 April 1962: First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. USA (NASA) Ranger 4 [16] 11 August 1962
Voyager 2 flew by Uranus and was the first spacecraft to visit it. Neptune 25 August 1989 4389 days (12 yr, 6 days) Voyager 2 flew by Neptune and was the first spacecraft to visit it. Voyager 1: Jupiter 5 September 1977 5 March 1979 547 days (1 yr, 6 mo, 1 d) Voyager 1 flew by Jupiter and returned the first detailed images. [94] Saturn 12 ...
Montage of planets and some moons that the two Voyager spacecraft have visited and studied. It is the only program that visited all four outer planets. A total of nine spacecraft have been launched on missions that involve visits to the outer planets; all nine missions involve encounters with Jupiter, with four spacecraft also visiting Saturn.
Older than the pioneer home by at least several years, the Pineapple House stood near present-day U.S. 1, where Harry DuBois grew pineapples. The shed was used to store the harvested pineapples.
The spacecraft flew by Earth twice; the first time at a range of 960 km (600 mi) at 20:34:34 UTC on December 8, 1990. [82] This was 8 km (5 mi) higher than predicted, and the time of the closest approach was within a second of the prediction. It was the first time that a deep space probe had returned to Earth from interplanetary space. [62]