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However, in some temperaments, D ♯ is not the same as E ♭. E ♭ is a perfect fourth above B ♭, whereas D ♯ is a major third above B. When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of the E ♭ above middle C (or E ♭ 4) is approximately 311.127 Hz. [1] See pitch (music) for a ...
Notes that are shown as sharp or flat in a key signature will be played that way in every octave—e.g., a key signature with a B ♭ indicates that every B is played as a B ♭. A key signature indicates the prevailing key of the music and eliminates the need to use accidentals for the notes that are always flat or sharp in that key. A key ...
The top note of a musical scale is the bottom note's second harmonic and has double the bottom note's frequency. Because both notes belong to the same pitch class, they are often called by the same name.
The frequency of a pitch is derived by multiplying (ascending) or dividing (descending) the frequency of the previous pitch by the twelfth root of two (approximately 1.059463). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, to get the frequency one semitone up from A 4 (A ♯ 4 ), multiply 440 Hz by the twelfth root of two.
In modern usage, recorders not in C or F are alternatively referred to using the name of the closest instrument in C or F, followed by the lowest note. For example, a recorder with lowest note G 4 may be known as a G-alto or alto in G, a recorder with lowest note D 5 (also "sixth flute") as a D-soprano or soprano in D, and a recorder in G 3 as ...
It has enharmonic equivalents of F♭ [(F-flat) which is by definition a diatonic semitone above E ♭] and D (D-double sharp), amongst others. When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of Middle E (E 4) is approximately 329.628 Hz. [1]
Scientific pitch notation is often used to specify the range of an instrument. It provides an unambiguous means of identifying a note in terms of textual notation rather than frequency, while at the same time avoiding the transposition conventions that are used in writing the music for instruments such as the clarinet and guitar. It is also ...
In music, letter notation is a system of representing a set of pitches, for example, the notes of a scale, by letters. For the complete Western diatonic scale, for example, these would be the letters A-G, possibly with a trailing symbol to indicate a half-step raise (sharp, ♯) or a half-step lowering (flat, ♭). This is the most common way ...