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A Bitter electromagnet or Bitter solenoid is a type of electromagnet invented in 1933 by American physicist Francis Bitter used in scientific research to create extremely strong magnetic fields. Bitter electromagnets have been used to achieve the strongest continuous manmade magnetic fields on earth―up to 45 teslas , as of 2011 [update] .
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. Electromagnets usually consist of wire (likely copper) wound into a coil. A current through the wire creates a magnetic field which is concentrated along the center of the coil. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.
While at MIT, he developed the Bitter electromagnet which was/is the most powerful electromagnet design. He established a magnet laboratory in 1938, where he built a solenoid magnet that produced a constant field of 100,000 gauss (10 teslas). [citation needed]
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Cutaway diagram of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) the largest tokamak in the world, which began construction in 2013 and is projected to begin full operation in 2035. It is intended as a demonstration that a practical fusion reactor is possible, and will produce 500 megawatts of power.
In 2007, a magnet with windings of YBCO achieved a world record field of 26.8 T. [13] The US National Research Council has a goal of creating a 30-tesla superconducting magnet. Globally in 2014, almost six billion US dollars worth of economic activity resulted from which superconductivity is indispensable.
Microsoft unveiled Majorana 1, a quantum chip the company says is powered by a new state of matter. The new chip allows for more stable, scalable, and simplified quantum computing, the company says.
Chinese manufacturers have become a dominant force in neodymium magnet production, based on their control of much of the world's rare-earth mines. [10] The United States Department of Energy has identified a need to find substitutes for rare-earth metals in permanent magnet technology and has funded such research.