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Deferred expenses (or prepaid expenses or prepayments) are assets, such as cash paid out for goods or services to be received in a later accounting period. When the promise to pay is fulfilled, the related expense item is recognised, and the same amount is deducted from prepayments .
The two primary bases of accounting are the cash basis of accounting, or cash accounting, method and the accrual accounting method. A third method, the modified cash basis, combines elements of both accrual and cash accounting. The cash basis method records income and expenses when cash is actually paid to or by a party.
Under the modified cash method of accounting, most income and expenses are determined under cash receipts and disbursements, but purchases of equipment and items whose benefit will cover more than one year is to be capitalized, whereas such items as depreciation and amortization are charged to cost. [3]
Installment sales method allows recognizing income after the sale is made, and proportionately to the product of gross profit percentage and cash collected calculated. The unearned income is deferred and then recognized to income when cash is collected. [ 6 ]
These include sales and the various expenses incurred during the stated period. A statement of changes in equity reports on the changes in equity of the company over a stated period. A cash flow statement reports on a company's cash flow activities, particularly its operating, investing and financing activities over a stated period.
Income statements may help investors and creditors determine the past financial performance of the enterprise, predict the future performance, and assess the capability of generating future cash flows using the report of income and expenses. It is very important for the business. However, information of an income statement has several limitations:
The installment sales method, is used to recognize revenue after the sale has occurred and when sales are stipulated under very extended cash collection terms. [3] In general, when the risk of not being able to collect is reasonably high and when there is no reasonable basis for estimating the proportion of installment accounts, revenue recognition is deferred, and the installment sales method ...
When this cash is paid, it is first recorded in a prepaid expense asset account; the account is to be expensed either with the passage of time (e.g. rent, insurance) or through use and consumption (e.g. supplies). A company receiving the cash for benefits yet to be delivered will have to record the amount in an unearned revenue liability ...