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Psilotum is a genus of fern-like vascular plants.It is one of two genera in the family Psilotaceae commonly known as whisk ferns, the other being Tmesipteris.Plants in these two genera were once thought to be descended from the earliest surviving vascular plants, but more recent phylogenies place them as basal ferns, as a sister group to Ophioglossales.
Psilotum nudum, the whisk fern, [3] is a fernlike plant. Like the other species in the order Psilotales, it lacks roots. [4]Its name, Psilotum nudum, means "bare naked" in Latin, because it lacks (or seems to lack) most of the organs of typical vascular plants, as a result of evolutionary reduction.
The first genus, Psilotum, consists of small shrubby plants of the dry tropics commonly known as "whisk ferns". The other genus, Tmesipteris, is an epiphyte found in Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia. All members of Psilotaceae are vascular plants without any true roots. Rather, the plants are anchored by an underground system of rhizomes.
Some botanists believe P. complanatum is a survivor from a very primitive lineage of fern-like vascular plants. [3] Psilotum complanatum lives in moist evergreen forests on the Malay Peninsula, Australia, Fiji islands, Mexico, Hawaii and South America. In India it is reported only from the Nicobar group of islands.
An interesting case is that of Psilotum, which has a (simple) protostele, and enations devoid of vascular tissue. Some species of Psilotum have a single vascular trace that terminates at the base of the enations. [2] Consequently, Psilotum was long thought to be a "living fossil" closely related to early land plants (rhyniophytes).
Psilophyton is a genus of extinct vascular plants. Described in 1859, it was one of the first fossil plants to be found which was of Devonian age (about ). Specimens have been found in northern Maine, USA; Gaspé Bay, Quebec and New Brunswick, Canada; the Czech Republic; and Yunnan, China.
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Tmesipteris, the hanging fork ferns, is a genus of ferns, one of two genera in the family Psilotaceae, order Psilotales (the other being Psilotum). Tmesipteris is restricted to certain lands in the Southern Pacific, notably Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia.