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Meanwhile, AP Physics 2 covered the other content areas. In 2020, the sound, waves, and electricity topics were removed from AP Physics 1 and moved to AP Physics 2. In 2024, the unit covering fluids was moved from AP Physics 2 to AP Physics 1, making space in the AP Physics 2 curriculum for more detail on waves and modern physics. [2] [7]
The work of forces generated by a potential function is known as potential energy and the forces are said to be conservative. Therefore, work on an object that is merely displaced in a conservative force field , without change in velocity or rotation, is equal to minus the change of potential energy E p of the object, W = − Δ E p ...
Also angular speed, radial frequency, circular frequency, orbital frequency, radian frequency, and pulsatance. A scalar measure of rotation rate. It refers to the angular displacement per unit time (e.g. in rotation) or the rate of change of the phase of a sinusoidal waveform (e.g. in oscillations and waves), or as the rate of change of the ...
The work per unit of charge is defined as the movement of negligible test charge between two points, and is expressed as the difference in electric potential at those points. The work can be done, for example, by generators , ( electrochemical cells ) or thermocouples generating an electromotive force .
magnetic vector potential: tesla meter (T⋅m) area: square meter (m 2) amplitude: meter: atomic mass number: unitless acceleration: meter per second squared (m/s 2) magnetic flux density also called the magnetic field density or magnetic induction tesla (T), or equivalently,
In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a single type of field. According to modern discoveries in physics, forces are not transmitted directly between interacting objects but instead are described and interpreted by intermediary ...
[Note 1] The original two-variable problem has been reduced to a one-variable problem. For many applications the effective potential can be treated exactly like the potential energy of a one-dimensional system: for instance, an energy diagram using the effective potential determines turning points and locations of stable and unstable equilibria.
Thermodynamic work is one of the principal kinds of process by which a thermodynamic system can interact with and transfer energy to its surroundings. This results in externally measurable macroscopic forces on the system's surroundings, which can cause mechanical work, to lift a weight, for example, [1] or cause changes in electromagnetic, [2] [3] [4] or gravitational [5] variables.