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[2] [8] The same constitutions usually also refer to universal principles such as democracy and human rights, leaving it up to legislators and the judiciary to work out how these norms are to be reconciled in practice. [14] Conversely, some countries (e.g., Algeria), whose constitution does not mention Sharia, possess Sharia-based family laws. [8]
In banking this was done through the use of sales transactions (focusing on the fixed rate return modes) to support investing without interest-bearing debt. Many modern writers have strongly criticized this approach as a means of covering conventional banking with an Islamic facade. [103] (Sohrab Behada has argued that the economic system ...
The following is a list of internationally recognized Muslim scholars of medieval Islamic civilization who have been described as the father or the founder of a field by some modern scholars: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi: Father of Modern Surgery [1] and the Father of Operative Surgery. [2] Ibn al-Nafis: Father of Circulatory Physiology and Anatomy.
Therefore, Islam could relate to the modern world as an ideology. According to Shariati, the historical and original origin of human problems was the emergence of private ownership. He believed that in the modern era, the appearance of the machine was the second most fundamental change in the human condition.