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Corpus linguistics is an empirical method for the study of language by way of a text corpus (plural corpora). [1] Corpora are balanced, often stratified collections of authentic, "real world", text of speech or writing that aim to represent a given linguistic variety . [ 1 ]
Text corpora (singular: text corpus) are large and structured sets of texts, which have been systematically collected.Text corpora are used by both AI developers to train large language models and corpus linguists and within other branches of linguistics for statistical analysis, hypothesis testing, finding patterns of language use, investigating language change and variation, and teaching ...
A corpus may contain texts in a single language (monolingual corpus) or text data in multiple languages (multilingual corpus).In order to make the corpora more useful for doing linguistic research, they are often subjected to a process known as annotation.
The Brown Corpus was a carefully compiled selection of current American English, totalling about a million words drawn from a wide variety of sources. Kučera and Francis subjected it to a variety of computational analyses, from which they compiled a rich and variegated opus, combining elements of linguistics, psychology, statistics, and sociology.
The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) is composed of one billion words as of November 2021. [1] [2] [4] The corpus is constantly growing: In 2009 it contained more than 385 million words; [5] in 2010 the corpus grew in size to 400 million words; [6] by March 2019, [7] the corpus had grown to 560 million words.
Distributionalism can be said to have originated in the work of structuralist linguist Leonard Bloomfield and was more clearly formalised by Zellig S. Harris. [1] [3]This theory emerged in the United States in the 1950s, as a variant of structuralism, which was the mainstream linguistic theory at the time, and dominated American linguistics for some time. [4]
Corpus languages are studied using the methods of corpus linguistics, but corpus linguistics can also be used (and is commonly used) for the study of the writings and other records of living languages. Not all extinct languages are corpus languages, since there are many extinct languages in which few or no writings or other records survive.
Corpus-assisted discourse studies (abbr.: CADS) is related historically and methodologically to the discipline of corpus linguistics.The principal endeavor of corpus-assisted discourse studies is the investigation, and comparison of features of particular discourse types, integrating into the analysis the techniques and tools developed within corpus linguistics.