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In rhetoric, a rhetorical device, persuasive device, or stylistic device is a technique that an author or speaker uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning with the goal of persuading them towards considering a topic from a perspective, using language designed to encourage or provoke an emotional display of a given perspective or action.
It is often conducted orally, and a formal oral argument between two sides is a debate. [20] The purpose of argumentation (also called persuasive writing) is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument to thoroughly convince the reader. Persuasive writing/persuasion is a type of ...
In linguistics, an argument is an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate, [1] the latter referring in this context to a main verb and its auxiliaries. In this regard, the complement is a closely related concept. Most predicates take one, two, or three arguments. A predicate and its arguments form a predicate-argument structure.
Speakers make an automatic calculation of the Immediate Constituent(IC)-to-word order ratio and produce the structure with the highest ratio. [18] Structures with a high IC-to-word order are structures that contain the fewest words required for the listener to parse the structure into constituents which results in more efficient processing.
When the speaker is talking, they alter their rhetorical stance and use various techniques for different audiences based on the particular situation. [16] There are also several ways in which a speaker or writer can make their audience feel a connection or relation to them. Speakers use anchorage and relay to appeal to their audience.
Linguists use grammaticality judgements to investigate the syntactic structure of sentences. Generative linguists are largely of the opinion that for native speakers of natural languages, grammaticality is a matter of linguistic intuition, and reflects the innate linguistic competence of speakers. Therefore, generative linguists attempt to ...
The speaker is heavily encouraged to use examples (e.g. historical events) in the "body" of their speech to support their argument. [5] Advanced speakers often use theories in conjunction with examples that illustrate them. As with any competitive speech, the speaker is expected to offer a clear and defined structure in their speech. [5]
Three types of stance are often distinguished: Epistemic stance is the expression (through verbal or other means) of a relative difference between interactants' relation to some knowledge (i.e. a doctor has the epistemic authority to answer medical questions), [5] while deontic stance is the expression of relative strength compared to another ...