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Phosphite esters may be used as reducing agents in more specialised cases. For example, triethylphosphite is known to reduce certain hydroperoxides to alcohols formed by autoxidation [7] (scheme). In this process the phosphite is converted to a phosphate ester. This reaction type is also utilized in the Wender Taxol total synthesis.
Micropattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs) are a group of gaseous ionization detectors consisting of microelectronic structures with sub-millimeter distances between anode and cathode electrodes. When interacting with the gaseous medium of the detector, particles of ionizing radiation create electrons and ions that are subsequently drifted apart by ...
The nerve gas agent sarin, containing both C–P and F–P bonds, is a phosphonate. [citation needed] Phosphinates feature two P–C bonds, with the general formula R 2 P(=O)(OR'). A commercially significant member is the herbicide glufosinate. Similar to glyphosate mentioned above, it has the structure CH 3 P(O)(OH)CH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H.
A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion.
When aliphatic alcohols are used the HCl by-product can react with the phosphate esters to give organochlorides and a lower ester. O=P(OR) 3 + HCl → O=P(OR) 2 OH + RCl. This reaction is usually undesirable and is exacerbated by high reaction temperatures. It can be inhibited by the use of a base or the removal of HCl through sparging.
Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite is an organophosphorus compound with the formula [(C 4 H 9) 2 C 6 H 3 O] 3 P. This white solid is a widely used stabilizer in polymers where it functions as a secondary antioxidant. It also reduces discoloration (yellowing) of plastics.
The nitrogen–phosphorus detector (NPD) is also known as thermionic specific detector (TSD) is a detector commonly used with gas chromatography, in which thermal energy is used to ionize an analyte. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is a type of flame thermionic detector (FTD), the other being the alkali flame-ionization detector (AFID also known as AFD).
The magnitude of the current is controlled by how much of the target gas is oxidized at the working electrode. Sensors are usually designed so that the gas supply is limited by diffusion, and thus the output from the sensor is linearly proportional to the gas concentration. This linear output is one of the advantages of electrochemical sensors ...