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Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).
For the former type of spectrometer, the pump beam is a visible wavelength laser held at a constant frequency, and the other (the probe beam) is a tunable infrared laser — by tuning the IR laser, the system can scan across molecular resonances and obtain a vibrational spectrum of the interfacial region in a piecewise fashion. [6]
The multiple-prism dispersion theory is applied to design these beam expanders either in additive configuration, thus adding or subtracting their dispersion to the dispersion of the grating, or in compensating configuration (yielding zero dispersion at a design wavelength) thus allowing the diffraction grating to control the tuning characteristics of the laser cavity. [11]
In 1988, the first Raman fiber laser based on fiber Bragg gratings has been made. [4] Fiber Bragg gratings are narrow-band reflectors and act as the mirrors of the laser cavity. They are inscribed directly into the core of the optical fiber used as the gain medium, which eliminates substantial losses that previously arose due to the coupling of ...
Generally shorter wavelength lasers give stronger Raman scattering due to the ν 4 increase in Raman scattering cross-sections, but issues with sample degradation or fluorescence may result. [12] Continuous wave lasers are most common for normal Raman spectroscopy, but pulsed lasers may also be used. These often have wider bandwidths than their ...
A distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser [25] is similar to a Fabry–Pérot laser, except for a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) built on top of the waveguide to prevent it from emitting at other than the desired wavelength. This forces single mode operation of the laser, even at higher operating currents.
High harmonics have a number of interesting properties. They are a tunable table-top source of XUV/soft X-rays, synchronised with the driving laser and produced with the same repetition rate. The harmonic cut-off varies linearly with increasing laser intensity up until the saturation intensity I sat where harmonic generation stops. [9]
Pulsed FT spectrometry gives the advantage of requiring a single, time-dependent measurement which can easily deconvolute a set of similar but distinct signals. The resulting composite signal, is called a free induction decay, because typically the signal will decay due to inhomogeneities in sample frequency, or simply unrecoverable loss of ...
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