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  2. Moral conviction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_conviction

    A conviction is an unshakable belief in something without needing proof or evidence. Moral conviction, therefore, refers to a strong and absolute belief or attitude that something is right or wrong, moral or immoral. Moral convictions have a strong motivational force.Moral motivation

  3. Effort optimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effort_optimism

    [2] A strong conviction generally results in greater success and can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, reinforcing that belief. When that conviction is weak or nonexistent, students generally experience less success, reinforcing the belief that effort doesn't matter. [3] [4] Lack of effort optimism has often been described as a crucial part of ...

  4. Belief - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief

    The collective perception of fundamental truths governing behavior. The adherence to accepted and shared beliefs by members of a social system will likely persist and be difficult to change over time. Strong beliefs about determinant factors (i.e., security, survival, or honor) are likely to cause a social entity or group to accept rules and norms.

  5. Faith - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith

    These belief systems often emphasize the importance of reason, ethics, and human agency, rather than relying on supernatural or religious explanations. Personal values and principles People may develop secular faith based on their own values and principles, such as a belief in social justice or environmentalism.

  6. Belief perseverance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief_perseverance

    The causes of belief perseverance remain unclear. Experiments in the 2010s suggest that neurochemical processes in the brain underlie the strong attentional bias of reward learning. Similar processes could underlie belief perseverance. [30] Peter Marris suggests that the process of abandoning a conviction is similar to the working out of grief.

  7. Morality and religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality_and_religion

    Some religious systems share tenets with secular value-frameworks such as consequentialism, freethought, and utilitarianism. Religion and morality are not synonymous. Though religion may depend on morality, [ 2 ] and even develop alongside morality, [ 3 ] morality does not necessarily depend upon religion, despite some making "an almost ...

  8. Value (ethics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_(ethics)

    Value systems are proscriptive and prescriptive beliefs; they affect the ethical behavior of a person or are the basis of their intentional activities. Often primary values are strong and secondary values are suitable for changes. What makes an action valuable may in turn depend on the ethical values of the objects it increases, decreases, or ...

  9. Dual process theory (moral psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_Process_Theory_(Moral...

    Dual process theory within moral psychology is an influential theory of human moral judgement that posits that human beings possess two distinct cognitive subsystems that compete in moral reasoning processes: one fast, intuitive and emotionally-driven, the other slow, requiring conscious deliberation and a higher cognitive load.