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Some rests become calcified in the periodontal ligament (cementicles). ERM plays a role in cementum repair and regeneration. [ 1 ] The stem cells in ERM can undergo an epithelial – mesenchymal transition and differentiate into diverse types of cells of mesodermal and ectodermal origin like bone, fat, cartilage and neuron-like cells.
The formative role of the dental follicle starts when the crown of the tooth is fully developed and just before tooth eruption into the oral cavity. [2]Although tooth eruption mechanisms have yet to be understood entirely, generally it can be agreed that many factors, together, affect the tooth eruption process which is why it is very difficult to differentiate the causes and effects. [3]
The occlusion, which is the arrangement of teeth and how teeth in opposite arches come in contact with one another, continually affects the formation of periodontal ligament. This perpetual creation of periodontal ligament leads to the formation of groups of fibers in different orientations, such as horizontal and oblique fibers. [36]
Odontogenic infections can be severe if not treated and are associated with mortality rate of 10 to 40%. [4] Furthermore, about 70% of odontogenic infections occur as periapical inflammation, i.e. acute periapical periodontitis or a periapical abscess. [3] The next most common form of odontogenic infection is the periodontal abscess. [3]
The periodontal ligament depends on stimulation provided by function to preserve its structure. Within physiologic limits the PDL can accommodate increased function by increasing its width. Forces that exceed the adaptive capacity of the periodontium produce injury called trauma from occlusion. When occlusal forces are reduced the PDL atrophies ...
The tissues which have been derived from each of the three components are: The dental follicle → will develop to become the periodontal ligament, the cementum and the alveolar bone; The dental papilla → will develop to become the dental pulp and the dentine; The enamel organ → will develop to create the enamel solely
The body's inflammatory response will attack the source of the toxins, leading to periapical inflammation. The many cells and proteins that rush to an area of infection create osmotic tension in the periapex which is the source of internal pressure increase at the cyst site.
Haematological disorders: important cells and nutrients carried in the blood to the periodontal tissues are crucial for the tissues' defence mechanisms and response to toxins and pathogens, gas exchange and efficient hemostasis. Therefore, red blood cells have a pivotal role in maintaining the health of the periodontium, meaning haematological ...