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In cryptography and computer security, a root certificate is a public key certificate that identifies a root certificate authority (CA). [1] Root certificates are self-signed (and it is possible for a certificate to have multiple trust paths, say if the certificate was issued by a root that was cross-signed) and form the basis of an X.509 ...
A root CA certificate may be the base to issue multiple intermediate CA certificates with varying validation requirements. In addition to commercial CAs, some non-profits issue publicly-trusted digital certificates without charge, for example Let's Encrypt.
The roles of root certificate, intermediate certificate and end-entity certificate as in the chain of trust. In computer security, a chain of trust is established by validating each component of hardware and software from the end entity up to the root certificate. It is intended to ensure that only trusted software and hardware can be used ...
The root certificate was used to sign two intermediate certificates, [44] which are also cross-signed by the certificate authority IdenTrust. [ 7 ] [ 45 ] One of the intermediate certificates is used to sign issued certificates, while the other is kept offline as a backup in case of problems with the first intermediate certificate. [ 44 ]
In cryptographic systems with hierarchical structure, a trust anchor is an authoritative entity for which trust is assumed and not derived. [1]In the X.509 architecture, a root certificate would be the trust anchor from which the whole chain of trust is derived.
The malicious certificate can even contain a "CA: true" field making it able to issue further trusted certificates. MD2-based certificates were used for a long time and were vulnerable to preimage attacks. Since the root certificate already had a self-signature, attackers could use this signature and use it for an intermediate certificate.
The certification path validation algorithm is the algorithm which verifies that a given certificate path is valid under a given public key infrastructure (PKI). A path starts with the Subject certificate and proceeds through a number of intermediate certificates up to a trusted root certificate, typically issued by a trusted certificate ...
The Server-based Certificate Validation Protocol (SCVP) is an Internet protocol for determining the path between an X.509 digital certificate and a trusted root (Delegated Path Discovery) and the validation of that path (Delegated Path Validation) according to a particular validation policy.