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Diagnostic processes may be influenced by knowledge of a patient's sex or gender alone, and male and female patients may receive different diagnoses even when presenting the same symptoms. [62] For instance, even with the same symptomology or scores according to diagnostic criteria, women are more likely to be diagnosed with depression than men.
[95] [96] [97] Although stigma and discrimination also show association with the aforementioned psychological and psychosocial issues, internalized homophobia has been found to be the most reliable predictor of mental and physical health issues in LGBTQ communities. [98]
Stigma and shame is also felt by the mother of African American youth who endorsement the item “If I took my child to a professional for help with emotional or behavioral problems, I think people in my community would find out” [13] (Murry et al., 2011, p. 1124). Similarly, 16% of Black mothers reported the fear of judgment (e.g., what ...
For people experiencing the physical and mental symptoms of an anxiety disorder, stigma and negative social perception can make an individual less likely to seek treatment. [69] Prejudice that some people with mental illness turn against themselves is called self-stigma. [68] There is no explicit evidence for the exact cause of stigma towards ...
Minority stress describes high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups. [1] It may be caused by a number of factors, including poor social support and low socioeconomic status; well understood causes of minority stress are interpersonal prejudice and discrimination.
The Disability Rights Movement recognises that while there is considerable stigma towards people with physical disabilities, the negative social stigma surrounding mental illness is significantly worse, with those suffering being perceived to have control of their disabilities and being responsible for causing them. "Furthermore, research ...
Sexual guilt is a negative emotional response associated with the feeling of anxiety, guilt, or shame in relation to sexual activity. Also known as sexual shame, it is linked with the negative social stigma and cultural expectations that are held towards sex as well as the historical religious opposition of all "immoral" sexual acts.
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or mental abuse or psychological violence or non-physical abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological problems.