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Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) [6] is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH 2. Consisting of a phenyl group ( −C 6 H 5 ) attached to an amino group ( −NH 2 ), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine .
Aniline is a benzenoid compound. The NH 2 group attached to the benzene ring means that there is a lone pair of electrons that can enter into conjugation with the benzene ring resulting in delocalization in the aniline. Aniline absorbs in the K (220 - 250 nm) and the B (250 - 290 nm) bands exhibited by benzenoid compounds.
pKa values for acetic, chloroacetic, dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acids. Inductive effects and mesomeric effects affect the pK a values. A simple example is provided by the effect of replacing the hydrogen atoms in acetic acid by the more electronegative chlorine atom.
N,N-Dimethylaniline (DMA) is an organic chemical compound, a substituted derivative of aniline. It is a tertiary amine, featuring a dimethylamino group attached to a phenyl group. This oily liquid is colourless when pure, but commercial samples are often yellow. It is an important precursor to dyes such as crystal violet.
A white solid, it is the chloride salt of anilinium, which is the conjugate acid of aniline, C 6 H 5 NH 2. Anilinium chloride is produced by treatment of aniline with hydrochloric acid. The cation consists of a phenyl ring attached to a tetrahedral ammonium center. The C-N bond elongates from 1.41 Å in aniline to 1.474 Å in anilinium. [2]
p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (NH 2) 2.This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. [1] It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar.
The protonation of substituted aniline is inhibited by steric hindrance. When protonated, the nitrogen in the amino group changes its orbital hybridization from sp 2 to sp 3 , becoming non-planar. This leads to steric hindrance between the ortho-substituted group and the hydrogen atom of the amino group, reducing the stability of the conjugate ...
A yellow solid, it is a derivative of aniline, carrying a nitro functional group in position 3. It is an isomer of 2-nitroaniline and 4-nitroaniline . It is used as a precursor to dyes .