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Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet liquid, commonly found in antifreeze. [1] It may be drunk accidentally or intentionally in a suicide attempt. [2] When broken down by the body it results in glycolic acid and oxalic acid which cause most of the toxicity.
An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments. Common antifreezes also increase the boiling point of the liquid, allowing higher coolant temperature. [ 1 ]
They are generally considered safer to use, as propylene glycol is not as palatable [note 1] and is converted in the body to lactic acid, a normal product of metabolism and exercise. [35] Australia, the UK, and seventeen US states (as of 2012) require the addition of a bitter flavoring (denatonium benzoate) to antifreeze. In December 2012, US ...
Vibration: the body is disintegrated into particles within minutes Freeze drying: particles are freeze dried in a drying chamber, leaving approximately 30% of the original weight Metal separation: any metals (e.g., tooth amalgam , artificial hips , etc.) are removed, either by magnetism or by sieving .
The 1985 Austrian diethylene glycol wine scandal (German: Glykolwein-Skandal) was an incident in which several Austrian wineries illegally adulterated their wines using the toxic substance diethylene glycol (a minor ingredient in some brands of antifreeze) to make the wines taste sweeter and more full-bodied in the style of late harvest wines. [1]
Apart from food, many poisons readily enter the body through the skin and lungs. Hydrofluoric acid is a notorious contact poison, in addition to its corrosive damage. Naturally occurring sour gas is a fast-acting atmospheric poison, which can be released by volcanic activity or drilling rigs.
An aerosol frostbite of the skin is an injury to the body caused by the pressurized gas within an aerosol spray cooling quickly, with the sudden drop in temperature sufficient to cause frostbite to the applied area. [1] Medical studies have noted an increase of this practice, known as "frosting", in pediatric and teenage patients. [2] [3]
A chemical hazard symbol is a pictogram applied to containers and storage areas of dangerous chemical compounds to indicate the specific hazard, and thus the required precautions. There are several systems of labels, depending on the purpose, such as on the container for transportation, containers for end-use, or on a vehicle during transportation.