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  2. Syntactic Structures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_Structures

    By a "grammatical" sentence Chomsky means a sentence that is intuitively "acceptable to a native speaker". [9] It is a sentence pronounced with a "normal sentence intonation". It is also "recall[ed] much more quickly" and "learn[ed] much more easily". [61] Chomsky then analyzes further about the basis of "grammaticality."

  3. Validity (logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(logic)

    The corresponding conditional of a valid argument is a logical truth and the negation of its corresponding conditional is a contradiction. The conclusion is a necessary consequence of its premises. An argument that is not valid is said to be "invalid". An example of a valid (and sound) argument is given by the following well-known syllogism:

  4. List of valid argument forms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_valid_argument_forms

    Logical form replaces any sentences or ideas with letters to remove any bias from content and allow one to evaluate the argument without any bias due to its subject matter. [1] Being a valid argument does not necessarily mean the conclusion will be true. It is valid because if the premises are true, then the conclusion has to be true.

  5. Determiner phrase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determiner_phrase

    Extending this type of analysis to a phrase like the car, the determiner the, a function word, should be head over car, a content word. In so doing, the NP the car becomes a DP. The point is illustrated with simple dependency-based hierarchies: NP vs. DP 1.1. Only the DP-analysis shown in c establishes the parallelism with the verb chain.

  6. Constituent (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_(linguistics)

    A phrase is a sequence of one or more words (in some theories two or more) built around a head lexical item and working as a unit within a sentence. A word sequence is shown to be a phrase/constituent if it exhibits one or more of the behaviors discussed below.

  7. Glossary of logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_logic

    A proof method used in mathematics to prove statements about all natural numbers or other well-ordered sets, based on the principle of induction. inductive step In an inductive proof, the step that shows if a property holds for an arbitrary element n {\displaystyle n} , it also holds for the next element n + 1 {\displaystyle n+1} .

  8. Logical form - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_Form

    A logical argument, seen as an ordered set of sentences, has a logical form that derives from the form of its constituent sentences; the logical form of an argument is sometimes called argument form. [6] Some authors only define logical form with respect to whole arguments, as the schemata or inferential structure of the argument. [7]

  9. Proof by contradiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_contradiction

    Given any number , we seek to prove that there is a prime larger than . Suppose to the contrary that no such p exists (an application of proof by contradiction). Then all primes are smaller than or equal to n {\displaystyle n} , and we may form the list p 1 , … , p k {\displaystyle p_{1},\ldots ,p_{k}} of them all.

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