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Prolactin plays an essential role in metabolism, regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Discovered in non-human animals around 1930 by Oscar Riddle [ 8 ] and confirmed in humans in 1970 by Henry Friesen , [ 9 ] prolactin is a peptide hormone , encoded by the PRL gene .
Prolactin, a major hormone of the HPP axis.. The hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis (HPP axis), also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–mammary axis or hypothalamic–pituitary–breast axis, is a hypothalamic–pituitary axis which includes the secretion of prolactin (PRL; luteotropin) from the lactotrophs of the pituitary gland into the circulation and the subsequent action of ...
The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a type I cytokine receptor [1] encoded in humans by the PRLR gene on chromosome 5p13-14. It is the receptor for prolactin (PRL). The PRLR can also bind to and be activated by growth hormone (GH) and human placental lactogen (hPL).
623503 Ensembl ENSG00000071677 ENSMUSG00000090550 UniProt P81277 G3UWC3 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_015893 NM_001101647 RefSeq (protein) NP_056977 NP_001095117 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 237.57 – 237.57 Mb Chr 1: 90.88 – 90.88 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is a peptide hormone that in humans is encoded by the PRLH gene. PrRP stimulates ...
High levels of prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding also increase insulin resistance, increase growth factor levels (IGF-1) and modify lipid metabolism in preparation for breastfeeding. During lactation, prolactin is the main factor maintaining tight junctions of the ductal epithelium and regulating milk production through osmotic balance.
A prolactin cell (also known as a lactotropic cell, epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell in the anterior pituitary which produces prolactin (a peptide hormone) in response to hormonal signals including dopamine (which is inhibitory), thyrotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen (especially during pregnancy), which are stimulatory.
Prolactin regulatory element-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PREB gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] This gene encodes a protein that specifically binds to a Pit1-binding element of the prolactin (PRL) promoter.
Prolactin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein are two examples of the hormones and growth factors that relaxin can stimulate the secretion of. [21] Preprorelaxin is the collective term for the signal peptide , B chain, C peptide, and A chain found in the coding area of human relaxin genes. [ 22 ]