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In mathematical analysis, the maximum and minimum [a] of a function are, respectively, the greatest and least value taken by the function. Known generically as extremum , [ b ] they may be defined either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain (the global or absolute extrema) of a function.
The red subset = {1,2,3,4} has two maximal elements, viz. 3 and 4, and one minimal element, viz. 1, which is also its least element. In mathematics , especially in order theory , a maximal element of a subset S {\displaystyle S} of some preordered set is an element of S {\displaystyle S} that is not smaller than any other element in S ...
Explicitly, an element is said to be a least element of if and if it also satisfies: l ≤ s {\displaystyle l\leq s} for all s ∈ S . {\displaystyle s\in S.} If ( P , ≤ ) {\displaystyle (P,\leq )} is also a partially ordered set then S {\displaystyle S} can have at most one greatest element and it can have at most one least element.
There is a corresponding greatest-lower-bound property; an ordered set possesses the greatest-lower-bound property if and only if it also possesses the least-upper-bound property; the least-upper-bound of the set of lower bounds of a set is the greatest-lower-bound, and the greatest-lower-bound of the set of upper bounds of a set is the least ...
The notation a ≥ b or a ⩾ b or a ≧ b means that a is greater than or equal to b (or, equivalently, at least b, or not less than b). In the 17th and 18th centuries, personal notations or typewriting signs were used to signal inequalities. [ 2 ]
A continuous function () on the closed interval [,] showing the absolute max (red) and the absolute min (blue).. In calculus, the extreme value theorem states that if a real-valued function is continuous on the closed and bounded interval [,], then must attain a maximum and a minimum, each at least once.
The upper bound is called sharp if equality holds for at least one value of x. It indicates that the constraint is optimal, and thus cannot be further reduced without invalidating the inequality. Similarly, a function g defined on domain D and having the same codomain (K, ≤) is an upper bound of f, if g(x) ≥ f (x) for each x in D.
Sorting a set of unlabelled weights by weight using only a balance scale requires a comparison sort algorithm. A comparison sort is a type of sorting algorithm that only reads the list elements through a single abstract comparison operation (often a "less than or equal to" operator or a three-way comparison) that determines which of two elements should occur first in the final sorted list.