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Medical microbiology, the large subset of microbiology that is applied to medicine, is a branch of medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, this field of science studies various clinical applications of microbes for the improvement of health.
McCartney's bottle or Flat medical bottle: for simultaneous solid and liquid cultures. McIntosh and Filde's anaerobic jar: production of anaerobic conditions for organisms that die in the presence of even little oxygen (anaerobiosis), e.g. tetanus bacteria Microscope: to observe microscopic specimens that cannot be seen by the naked eye ...
Instrument Uses Test tube: Folin-Wu tube: Glass slide mycole and cover slips: in microscopy, serology, etc. as the solid backing on which test samples are : Petri dish: used for preparation of culture media and the culture of organisms they are in
Instrument Uses Instrument sterilizers: Used to sterilize instruments in absence of an autoclave Dressing drums: storage of gowns, cotton, linen, etc.
Bioburden testing for medical devices made or used in the USA is governed by Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations and worldwide by ISO 11737. The aim of bioburden testing is to measure the total number of viable micro-organisms (total microbial count) on a medical device prior to its final sterilization before implantation or use. [2]
Most medical and surgical devices used in healthcare facilities are made of materials that are able to undergo steam sterilization. [7] However, since 1950, there has been an increase in medical devices and instruments made of materials (e.g., plastics) that require low-temperature sterilization.
So SAL is used to express the probability of the survival. For example, medical device manufacturers design their sterilization processes for an extremely low SAL, such as 10 −6, which is a 1 in 1,000,000 chance of a non-sterile unit. SAL also describes the killing efficacy of a sterilization process.
Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine. As a scholarly discipline, medical ethics encompasses its practical application in clinical settings as well as work on its history, philosophy, theology, and sociology. Six of the values that commonly apply to medical ethics discussions are: