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  2. Surface runoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_runoff

    Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff (or stream flow). It occurs when excess rainwater , stormwater , meltwater , or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil .

  3. Runoff (hydrology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runoff_(hydrology)

    Runoff is the flow of water across the earth, and is a major component in the hydrological cycle. Runoff that flows over land before reaching a watercourse is referred to as surface runoff or overland flow. Once in a watercourse, runoff is referred to as streamflow, channel runoff, or river runoff. Urban runoff is surface runoff created by ...

  4. Run-on - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-on

    In hydrology, run-on refers to surface runoff from an external area that flows on to an area of interest. A portion of run-on can infiltrate once it reaches the area of interest. Run-on is common in arid and semi-arid areas with patchy vegetation cover and short but intense thunderstorms. In these environments, surface runoff is usually ...

  5. Sewerage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewerage

    Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, and screening chambers of the combined sewer or sanitary sewer.

  6. Stormwater harvesting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater_harvesting

    Stormwater harvesting or stormwater reuse is the collection, accumulation, treatment or purification, and storage of stormwater for its eventual reuse. While rainwater harvesting collects precipitation primarily from rooftops, stormwater harvesting deals with collection of runoff from creeks, gullies, ephemeral streams and underground conveyance.

  7. Erosion control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion_control

    Since the 1920s and 1930s [3] scientists have been creating mathematical models for understanding the mechanisms of soil erosion and resulting sediment surface runoff, including an early paper by Albert Einstein applying Baer's law. [4] These models have addressed both gully and sheet erosion.

  8. Runoff footprint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runoff_Footprint

    Since soil in urban areas can be compacted and have a low infiltration rate, the surface runoff estimated in a runoff footprint is not just from impervious surfaces, but also pervious areas including yards. The total runoff is a measure of the site’s contribution to stormwater issues in an area, especially in urban areas with sewer overflows.

  9. Stormwater - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater

    Stormwater can soak into the soil and become groundwater, be stored on depressed land surface in ponds and puddles, evaporate back into the atmosphere, or contribute to surface runoff. Most runoff is conveyed directly as surface water to nearby streams , rivers or other large water bodies ( wetlands , lakes and oceans ) without treatment.