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Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).
This type of defect is an acyanotic heart defect, which means “not blue”, since oxygenated blood is going into pulmonary circulation and essentially taking “an extra” trip to the lungs. In contrast, a cyanotic heart defect allows deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and make it out to the body, causing a blue or purplish discoloration ...
Congenital (at birth) atrial septal defect refers to a hole being in the septum or wall that separates the two atria; this condition is usually seen in fetuses and infants. [3] Mitral stenosis refers to mitral valve leaflets (or valve flaps) sticking to each other making the opening for blood to pass from the atrium to the ventricles very small ...
Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced downwards towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. [1] EA has great anatomical heterogeneity that generates a wide spectrum of clinical features at presentation and is complicated by the fact that the ...
The ostium primum atrial septal defect is a defect in the atrial septum at the level of the tricuspid and mitral valves. This is sometimes known as an endocardial cushion defect because it often involves the endocardial cushion, which is the portion of the heart where the atrial septum meets the ventricular septum and the mitral valve meets the tricuspid valve.
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) or atrioventricular canal defect (AVCD), also known as "common atrioventricular canal" or "endocardial cushion defect" (ECD), is characterized by a deficiency of the atrioventricular septum of the heart that creates connections between all four of its chambers. It is a very specific combination of 3 defects:
The aortopulmonary window is the rarest of septal defects, accounting for 0.15-0.6% of all congenital heart malformations. [4] An aortopulmonary window can develop alone or in up to 50% of cases alongside other cardiac defects such as interrupted aortic arch, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of great vessels, and tetralogy of Fallot. [3]
It is the most common type of intraventricular conduction defect seen in acute anterior myocardial infarction, and the left anterior descending artery is usually the culprit vessel. It can be seen with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.