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In the early years of its armed resistance campaign, the African National Congress and its armed wing, uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), used whatever arms and war materiel it could lay its hands on. ANC members in exile became adept at building home-made explosives, including time bombs, from materials the movement could acquire from commercial sources. [1]
uMkhonto weSizwe (Xhosa pronunciation: [um̩ˈkʰonto we ˈsizwe]; abbreviated MK; lit. ' Spear of the Nation ') was the paramilitary wing of the African National Congress (ANC), founded by Nelson Mandela in the wake of the Sharpeville massacre. Its mission was to fight against the South African government to bring an end to its racist policies ...
Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC) during apartheid.After being banned by the South African government in 1960, both the ANC and MK operated primarily in exile elsewhere in Southern Africa, where large numbers of young South Africans received military training to conduct armed struggle against the apartheid government – primarily sabotage ...
The Service Medal in Silver is an oval medallion with a raised edge, struck in silver and depicting the Umkhonto we Sizwe emblem. [1] [7] [8] Reverse. The reverse is smooth and displays the embellished pre-1994 South African Coat of Arms with watermarks impressed below and the medal number impressed above. [9] [10] Ribbon
The Merit Medal in Silver, post-nominal letters MMS, was instituted by the President of the Republic of South Africa in April 1996. It was awarded to veteran cadres of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military wing of the African National Congress, who had distinguished themselves during the "struggle" by exceptionally meritorious service and particular devotion to duty.
Following the Soweto Uprising, the apartheid South African regime would mark Nxumalo as a threat. As a result, Nxumalo, like many others, would leave South Africa in exile. [3] While in exile, Nxumalo would join the ranks of ANC's Umkhonto weSizwe and the Communist Party. He would Dedicate time to the liberation movement in Mozambique and Tanzania.
The Tonkawa shared Central Texas with others. Before the 1880s, the Indigenous presence in this area had endured for millennia. Recent artifacts unearthed at the Gault Site, on the border of ...
He attended school in Soweto until 1963, when he left the country to join the African National Congress's armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK). He returned to Lesotho , where he lived in exile, and worked there with assassinated South African Communist Party general secretary Chris Hani until he was transferred to Lusaka in the early 1980s.