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The "Cossacks" expansion to the video game Europa Universalis IV adapted the text of the reply for its trailer and included artwork based on the original painting, [11] the game Cossacks: European Wars has the central detail of the picture in its logo, and the game Cossacks 3 has the painting as the background of the main menu.
1683 Polish version of the Cossack letter to the sultan, found in 2019 [11] [12]. U.S.-based Slavic and Eastern European historian Daniel C. Waugh (1978) observed: . The correspondence of the sultan with the Chyhyryn Cossacks had undergone a textual transformation sometime in the eighteenth century whereby the Chyhyryntsy became the Zaporozhians and the controlled satire of the reply was ...
The Zaporozhian Cossacks had various social and ethnic origins but were predominantly made up of escaped serfs who preferred the dangerous freedom of the wild steppes, rather than life under the rule of Polish aristocrats. However, townspeople, lesser noblemen and even Crimean Tatars also became part of the Cossack host.
Turkish-Tatar army launched their campaign into the Sich once the rivers froze, at night to avoid getting detected. However, they were noticed by a Cossack named Shevchuk or Chefchika, who alerted his comrades, and made the presence of intruders in the Sich known to the other 150–350 Cossacks, which allowed them to react on time and equip their guns.
The Malorussian Cossacks (the former Registered Cossacks also known as "Town Zaporozhian Host") were excluded from this transformation, but were promoted to membership of various civil estates or classes (often Russian nobility), including the newly created civil estate of Cossacks.
Cossacks were leaving Crimea with loot and captives, reaching Perekop. However, Khan Adil Giray reorganized with his Tatar army and entered into battle with Sirko's Cossack army. Tatar army suffered a crushing defeat, and Khan was again forced to flee. [8] Cossacks killed over 3,000 Tatar troops and captured over 500 during the campaign. [3]
In response, the Belgians gave a resounding "f**k you". They blew up the bridges and the tunnels and the rails, and they gave a fantastic resistance against the Germans at a series of forts along ...
The capture of Azov by Cossacks severally undermined the ability of Crimean-Nogai Tatars to continue their raids. Merchants were coming to Azov and opened shops there. Garrison of the city consisted of 4,000 Don Cossacks and 700 Zaporozhian Cossacks during that time. [5] Tatars sporadically clashed with Cossacks over control of Azov.