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'Open defecation free' (ODF) is a term used to describe communities that have shifted to using toilets instead of open defecation. This can happen, for example, after community-led total sanitation programs have been implemented. Open defecation can pollute the environment and cause health problems and diseases.
A public toilet in Linxia City, Gansu, with a window in the middle to collect the "user fee" (50 fen, about 7¢). Toilet Revolution in China (simplified Chinese: 厕所革命; traditional Chinese: 廁所革命; pinyin: Cèsuǒ Gémìng; lit. 'lavatory-place transform-mandate') is a government campaign aimed at improving the sanitary conditions in Mainland China.
Pig toilets were once common in rural China, where a single Chinese character (Chinese: 圂; pinyin: hùn) signifies both "pigsty" and "privy". [2] Funerary models of pig toilets from the Han dynasty (206 BC to AD 220) prove that it was an ancient custom. [3]
Open defecation is the practice of defecating out in the open, rather than using a toilet. "Open defecation free" (ODF) is a central term for community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programs. It primarily means the eradication of open defecation in the entire community. However, ODF can also include additional criteria, such as: [7]
The World Toilet Organization (WTO) is a global non-profit organization whose goal is to improve toilet and sanitation conditions worldwide. It was founded in 2001 [1] with 15 members and has now grown to 151 member organizations in 53 countries. [2]
Open defecation is the human practice of defecating outside (in the open environment) rather than into a toilet. People may choose fields, bushes, forests, ditches, streets, canals or other open space for defecation. They do so because either they do not have a toilet readily accessible or due to traditional cultural practices. [32]
To meet SDG targets for sanitation by 2030, nearly "a third of countries will need to accelerate progress to end open defecation, including Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan". [16]: 79 This will require cooperation between governments, civil society and the private sector. [17]
Open-crotch pants (simplified Chinese: 开 裆 裤; traditional Chinese: 開襠褲; pinyin: kāidāngkù), also known as open-crotch trousers or split pants, are worn by toddlers throughout mainland China. [1] Often made of thick fabric, they are designed with either an unsewn seam over the buttocks and crotch or a hole over the central buttocks.