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[10] [11] [9] The word Gulag originally referred only to the division of the Soviet secret police that was in charge of running the forced labor camps from the 1930s to the early 1950s during Joseph Stalin's rule, but in English literature the term is popularly used for the system of forced labor throughout the Soviet era. The abbreviation ...
Unlike Gulag camps, located primarily in remote areas (mostly in Siberia), most of the POW camps after the war were located in the European part of the Soviet Union (with notable exceptions of the Japanese POW in the Soviet Union), where the prisoners worked on restoration of the country's infrastructure destroyed during the war: roads ...
The plan, part of the German efforts to create anti-communist resistance behind the Soviet lines, called for a naval and air invasion of Siberia by allied German and anti-Soviet Red Army forces, targeting the GULAG penal system camps, recruiting more anti-Soviet forces from the prisoners, and thus opening a second front in the war between Nazi ...
The Vorkuta camp was established by Soviet authorities a year later in 1932 for the expansion of the Gulag system and the discovery of coal fields by the river Vorkuta, on a site in the basin of the Pechora River, located within the Komi ASSR of the Russian SFSR (present-day Komi Republic, Russia), approximately 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi) from ...
This is an incomplete list of uprisings in the Gulag: Akukan mine uprising, 1930; Parbig uprising near Narym, 1931 [1] Ust-Usa uprising, 1942; Kolyma rebellion, 1946 [2] Vorkuta uprising, 1948 [2] Nizhni Aturyakh (Russian: Нижний Атурях) subcamp of Berlag, uprising, 1949 [2] [3] Ekibastuz strike , 1952; Norilsk uprising, 1953 ...
Special settlements in the Soviet Union were the result of population transfers and were performed in a series of operations organized according to social class or nationality of the deported. Resettling of "enemy classes" such as prosperous peasants and entire populations by ethnicity was a method of political repression in the Soviet Union ...
Art and culture took on a variety of forms in the forced labor camps of the Gulag system that existed across the Soviet Union during the first half of the twentieth century. [1] Theater, music, visual art, and literature played a role in camp life for many of the millions of prisoners who passed through the Gulag system.
The third part of Gulag is dedicated to the effects of the war on the camps, their transformation once the war ended, the effects of Stalin's death, and the eventual dissolution of the system all-together. A group of political prisoners in Kengir, part of the Soviet Gulag system. Lithuanian prisoner Aleksandra Kišonaitė is in the last row on ...