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The misinformation effect is an example of retroactive interference which occurs when information presented later interferes with the ability to retain previously encoded information. Individuals have also been shown to be susceptible to incorporating misleading information into their memory when it is presented within a question. [ 5 ]
The most common form of misinformation interventions rooted in inoculation theory are pre-bunking and gamified interventions that seek to inform the participant about the various ways that misinformation appears online. Examples of gamified interventions include Bad News, Harmony Square, and Go Viral!, among others. [7]
Regardless of the effect being true or false, the respondent is attempting to conform to the supplied information, because they assume it to be true. [6] Loftus's meta-analysis on language manipulation studies suggested the misinformation effect taking hold on the recall process and products of the human memory. Even the smallest adjustment in ...
Here's an easy example. Consider you are surfing the web and find a news article that, unbeknownst to you, contains false claims about the president. ... Misinformation vs. disinformation: What ...
Elizabeth F. Loftus (born 1944) is an American psychologist who is best known in relation to the misinformation effect, false memory and criticism of recovered memory therapies. [ 1 ] Loftus's research includes the effects of phrasing on the perceptions of automobile crashes, the "lost in the mall" technique and the manipulation of food ...
The misinformation effect occurs when information is presented after the events in question have occurred which leads to memory errors in later retrieval. [61] Studies have suggested that witnesses may misattribute accuracy to misleading information because the sources of misleading information and witnessed information become confused. [ 61 ]
Misinformation effect: Memory becoming less accurate because of interference from post-event information. [163] cf. continued influence effect, where misinformation about an event, despite later being corrected, continues to influence memory about the event. Modality effect
A teacher could trick his AP Psychology students by saying, "Suggestibility is the distortion of memory through suggestion or misinformation, right?" It is likely that the majority of the class would agree with him because he is a teacher and what he said sounds correct. However, the term is really the definition of the misinformation effect.