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Srivijaya (Indonesian: Sriwijaya), [2]: 131 also spelled Sri Vijaya, [3] [4] was a Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic [5] empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia) that influenced much of Southeast Asia. [6] Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to 11th century AD.
The Indian influences in early Philippine polities, particularly the influence of the Srivijaya and Majapahit thalassocracies on cultural development, is a significant area of research for scholars of Philippine, Indonesian, and Southeast Asian history, [1] and is believed to be the source of Hindu and Buddhist elements in early Philippine culture, religion, and language.
Previously, Majapahit had succeeded in asserting its influence in Malacca strait by containing the aspiration of Malay polities in Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula to ever reach the geopolitical might like those of Srivijaya. The Hindu Majapahit was the most powerful maritime power in Southeast Asian seas that time and were opposed to Chinese ...
Thus, the Yuan expeditionary force was directed to obtain the submission of its successor state, Kediri, instead. After a fierce campaign, Kediri surrendered, but the Yuan forces were betrayed by their erstwhile ally, Majapahit, under Raden Wijaya. In the end, the invasion ended with Yuan failure and strategic victory for the new state, Majapahit.
Another example is the post-Majapahit Islamic kingdoms in Java. [ citation needed ] Historian Martin Stuart-Fox uses the term "mandala" extensively to describe the history of the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang as a structure of loosely held together mueang that disintegrated after Lan Xang's conquest by Thailand starting in the 18th century.
In the 10th century, Mataram to the challenged the supremacy of Srivijaya, resulting in the destruction of the Mataram capital by Srivijaya early in the 11th century. Restored by King Airlangga (c. 1020–1050), the kingdom split on his death and the new state of Kediri was formed in eastern Java.
Srivijaya was in turn subjugated by Singhasari around 1275, before finally being absorbed by the successor thalassocracy of Majapahit (1293–1527). [21] The Arakkal Ali Rajas of Kannur, Kerala are another example. Ali Moossa, the fifth ruler is said to have conquered some of the Maladweep islands in 1183-84 CE.
The Dwipantara area came to face Majapahit led by their priests. In canto 93.1 the priests compose a hymn of praise to the Maharaja of Majapahit. The relationship between Dwipantara to Majapahit is sumiwi (serving). [26] Ambassadors from India and China came with merchants and played a role in stabilizing political and economic relations. [27]