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Mitral regurgitation, also known as mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence, is the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle, through the mitral valve, and into the left atrium, when the left ventricle contracts, resulting in a systolic murmur radiating to the left armpit. [5] [3]
Mitral disease can be classified using Carpentier's classification which is based on the leaflet motion. Type I pertains to normal leaflet motion. Whereas, disease of the valve is categorized to primary mitral regurgitation or secondary mitral regurgitation based on the regurgitant etiology.
Mitral regurgitation with NYHA functional class III-IV symptoms; Aortic and/or mitral valve disease resulting in severe pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary pressure greater than 75% of systemic pressures) Aortic and/or mitral valve disease with severe LV dysfunction (EF less than 0.40) Mechanical prosthetic valve requiring anticoagulation
Mitral valve prolapse classification. Diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse is based on modern echocardiographic techniques which can pinpoint abnormal leaflet thickening and other related pathology. Echocardiography is the most useful method of diagnosing a prolapsed mitral valve. Two- and three-dimensional echocardiography is particularly ...
Mitral regurgitation can also be caused by rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can affect the heart tissue and lead to chronic rheumatic heart disease. The chronic inflammation leads to leaflet fibrosis, which makes it so that they don’t form a nice seal and instead let blood leak through.
Mitral valve replacement is a procedure whereby the diseased mitral valve of a patient's heart is replaced by either a mechanical or tissue (bioprosthetic) valve. The mitral valve may need to be replaced because: [citation needed] The valve is leaky (mitral valve regurgitation) The valve is narrowed and doesn't open properly (mitral valve stenosis)
Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve of the heart. [1] It is almost always caused by rheumatic valvular heart disease. Normally, the mitral valve is about 5 cm 2 during diastole. Any decrease in area below 2 cm 2 causes mitral stenosis. Early diagnosis of mitral stenosis ...
Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders IV 280–289: Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs V 290–319: Mental Disorders VI 320–389: Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs VII 390–459: Diseases of the Circulatory System VIII 460–519: Diseases of the Respiratory System IX 520–579
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